1947–2014 vs 2014–2026 · official data
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India.ThenAndNow.fyi

We gathered the numbers for food, industry, power, roads, rail, money, health, phones, manufacturing, defence and internal security from the Government of India and the RBI, and from international sources like the World Bank, the UN, the ITU, WIPO, SIPRI and the Energy Institute. Then we split each one at 2014. Blue is everything from Independence up to 2014. Orange is what has happened since. Drag the slider under any chart, or press play, and watch it fill in year by year.

Up to 2014 Since 2014

Food & farming

  • Foodgrain production: 1950-51 50.8 Mt; 2013-14 265.0 Mt; 2025-26 376.6 Mt (million tonnes). Source: RBI · Ministry of Agriculture.
  • Rice production: 1950-51 20.6 Mt; 2013-14 106.7 Mt; 2025-26 154.0 Mt (million tonnes). Source: RBI · Ministry of Agriculture.
  • Wheat production: 1950-51 6.5 Mt; 2013-14 95.8 Mt; 2025-26 120.7 Mt (million tonnes). Source: RBI · Ministry of Agriculture.
  • Pulses production: 1950-51 8.4 Mt; 2013-14 19.2 Mt; 2025-26 27.4 Mt (million tonnes). Source: RBI · Ministry of Agriculture.
  • Milk production: 1950-51 17.0 Mt; 2013-14 137.7 Mt; 2024-25 247.9 Mt (million tonnes). Source: Economic Survey · DAHD.
  • Egg production: 1950-51 1.8 bn; 2013-14 74.8 bn; 2024-25 149.1 bn (billion eggs). Source: Economic Survey · DAHD.
  • Fish production: 1950-51 0.75 Mt; 2013-14 9.58 Mt; 2024-25 19.77 Mt (million tonnes). Source: Economic Survey · Dept of Fisheries.

Industry

  • Coal production: 1950-51 32.3 Mt; 2013-14 565.8 Mt; 2024-25 1,047.6 Mt (million tonnes). Source: Economic Survey · Ministry of Coal.
  • Crude steel production: 1950-51 1.5 Mt; 2013-14 81.7 Mt; 2025-26 168.4 Mt (million tonnes). Source: Economic Survey · Ministry of Steel.

Energy

  • Installed power capacity: Dec 1947 1.4 GW; Mar 2014 248.6 GW; Mar 2026 532.7 GW (gigawatts (utilities)). Source: Central Electricity Authority.
  • Per-capita electricity consumption: 1947 16 kWh; 2013-14 957 kWh; 2024-25 1,400 kWh (kWh per person per year). Source: Central Electricity Authority.
  • Solar power capacity: Mar 2014 2.8 GW; Mar 2026 150.3 GW (gigawatts). Source: MNRE.
  • LPG cooking gas connections: 2014 14.52 crore; Nov 2024 32.83 crore (crore connections). Source: Ministry of Petroleum.
  • Electricity generated: 1985 186 TWh; 2014 1,259 TWh; 2025 2,082 TWh (terawatt-hours a year). Source: Energy Institute · Ember.
  • Energy use per person: 1965 1,264 kWh; 2014 5,832 kWh; 2024 7,813 kWh (kWh of primary energy per person). Source: Energy Institute.
  • Power from solar and wind: 2014 38.4 TWh; 2025 300.0 TWh (terawatt-hours a year). Source: Energy Institute · Ember.

Infrastructure

  • National Highway network: 1950-51 19,811 km; Mar 2014 91,287 km; Dec 2025 146,560 km (km). Source: MoRTH · RBI.
  • Electrified railway route: Aug 1947 388 RKM; Mar 2014 21,801 RKM; Jul 2025 69,102 RKM (route km (broad gauge)). Source: Railway Board.
  • Operational airports: 2014 74; Jul 2026 165 (airports (incl. heliports & water aerodromes)). Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation.

Economy

  • GDP (current US dollars): 1960 37 $bn; 2014 2,039 $bn; 2023 3,550 $bn (US$ billion). Source: World Bank.
  • Foreign exchange reserves: Mar 1951 2.2 $bn; Mar 2014 304.2 $bn; Mar 2026 688.1 $bn (US$ billion). Source: RBI.
  • Consumer price inflation: 1960 1.8 %; 2014 6.7 %; 2025 2.4 % (% rise in consumer prices a year). Source: World Bank.
  • Income per person (real GDP per head): 1960 313 $; 2014 1,484 $; 2025 2,523 $ (US$ per person, constant 2015 prices). Source: World Bank.

Health

  • Infant mortality rate: 1971 129; 2014 39; 2023 25 (deaths per 1,000 live births). Source: Registrar General (SRS).
  • Maternal mortality ratio: 1997-98 398; 2011-13 167; 2021-23 88 (maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births). Source: Registrar General (SRS) · RBI.
  • People defecating in the open: 2000 74.1 %; 2014 32.1 %; 2022 11.1 % (% of population). Source: World Bank · WHO/UNICEF.
  • Life expectancy at birth: 1960 45.6 yrs; 2014 68.9 yrs; 2024 72.2 yrs (years). Source: World Bank · UN.

Digital

  • Telephone subscribers: Mar 2014 933 mn; Mar 2026 1,331 mn (million (mobile + landline)). Source: TRAI.
  • Share of Indians using the internet: 1995 0.0 %; 2014 13.5 %; 2025 70.0 % (% of population). Source: World Bank · ITU.
  • Internet subscribers: Apr 2014 252 mn; Mar 2026 1,093 mn (million). Source: TRAI.
  • Broadband subscribers: Mar 2014 61 mn; Mar 2026 1,066 mn (million). Source: TRAI.

Manufacturing & innovation

  • Electronics made in India: 2014-15 190,366 ₹ cr; 2024-25 1,130,000 ₹ cr (₹ crore of output a year). Source: MeitY.
  • Mobile phones made in India: 2014-15 18,900 ₹ cr; 2024-25 545,000 ₹ cr (₹ crore of output a year). Source: MeitY · ICEA.
  • Electronics exports: 2014-15 38,000 ₹ cr; 2024-25 327,000 ₹ cr (₹ crore a year). Source: DGCI&S · MeitY.
  • Patent applications filed in India: 2010-11 39,400; 2013-14 42,951; 2024-25 110,375 (applications a year). Source: Indian Patent Office.

Defence

  • Defence production in India: 2014-15 46,429 ₹ cr; 2025-26 178,000 ₹ cr (₹ crore a year). Source: Ministry of Defence.
  • Defence exports: 2013-14 686 ₹ cr; 2025-26 38,424 ₹ cr (₹ crore a year). Source: Ministry of Defence.

Internal security

  • Deaths from terrorism and insurgency: 2001 5,504; 2014 976; 2025 619 (people killed a year (civilians, security forces and militants)). Source: South Asia Terrorism Portal.
  • Insurgency incidents in the Northeast: 2000 1,963; 2014 824; 2023 243 (incidents a year). Source: Ministry of Home Affairs.
  • Maoist (Left Wing Extremist) violence: 2010 1,936; 2014 1,091; 2025 234 (incidents a year). Source: Ministry of Home Affairs.